Kiwis in the collection: the New Zealand presence in the published record

This report characterizes the size and scope of the New Zealand presence in the published record, highlights some of its salient characteristics, and describes its diffusion around the world. Introduction Despite its small size and relatively brief national history, New Zealand boasts a distinguished presence in the published record. Authors such as Margaret Mahy and Katherine Mansfield; the renowned soprano Kiri Te Kanawa; and contemporary film icons such as the actor Russell Crowe and producer Peter Jackson are just a few of the well-known names associated with New Zealand’s creative tradition, along with internationally acclaimed works such as the Oscar-nominated film Whale Rider and the Booker Prize-winning novel The Bone People. New Zealand’s presence in the published record includes many other individuals and works — some widely known, others less so — adding up to a significant contribution to the global corpus of published materials. Indeed, just as New Zealand’s iconic kiwi birds lay the largest egg in proportion to their size of any bird species in the world 1, the New Zealand contribution to the published record too seems outsized in comparison to the nation’s small geography and population

Stewardship of the evolving scholarly record: from the invisible hand to conscious coordination

The scholarly record is increasingly digital and networked, while at the same time expanding in both the volume and diversity of the material it contains. The long-term future of the scholarly record cannot be effectively secured with traditional stewardship models developed for print materials. This report describes the key features of future stewardship models adapted to the characteristics of a digital, networked scholarly record, and discusses some practical implications of implementing these models. Key highlights include: As the scholarly record continues to evolve, conscious coordination will become an important organizing principle for stewardship models. Past stewardship models were built on an "invisible hand" approach that relied on the uncoordinated, institution-scale efforts of individual academic libraries acting autonomously to maintain local collections. Future stewardship of the evolving scholarly record requires conscious coordination of context, commitments, specialization, and reciprocity. With conscious coordination, local stewardship efforts leverage scale by collecting more of less. Keys to conscious coordination include right-scaling consolidation, cooperation, and community mix. Reducing transaction costs and building trust facilitate conscious coordination. Incentives to participate in cooperative stewardship activities should be linked to broader institutional priorities. The long-term future of the scholarly record in its fullest expression cannot be effectively secured with stewardship strategies designed for print materials. The features of the evolving scholarly record suggest that traditional stewardship strategies, built on an “invisible hand” approach that relies on the uncoordinated, institution-scale efforts of individual academic libraries acting autonomously to maintain local collections, is no longer suitable for collecting, organizing, making available, and preserving the outputs of scholarly inquiry. As the scholarly record continues to evolve, conscious coordination will become an important organizing principle for stewardship models. Conscious coordination calls for stewardship strategies that incorporate a broader awareness of the system-wide stewardship context; declarations of explicit commitments around portions of the local collection; formal divisions of labor within cooperative arrangements; and robust networks for reciprocal access. Stewardship strategies based on conscious coordination involve an acceleration of an already perceptible transition away from relatively autonomous local collections to ones built on networks of cooperation across many organizations, within and outside the traditional cultural heritage community

The evolving scholarly record

This report presents a framework to help organize and drive discussions about the evolving scholarly record. The framework provides a high-level view of the categories of material the scholarly record potentially encompasses, as well as the key stakeholder roles associated with the creation, management, and use of the scholarly record. Key highlights: A confluence of trends is accelerating changes to the scholarly record\u27s content and stakeholder roles. Scholarly outcomes are contextualized by materials generated in the process and aftermath of scholarly inquiry. The research process generates materials covering methods employed, evidence used, and formative discussion. The research aftermath generates materials covering discussion, revision, and reuse of scholarly outcomes. The scholarly record is evolving to have greater emphasis on collecting and curating context of scholarly inquiry. The scholarly record’s stakeholder ecosystem encompasses four key roles: create, fix, collect, and use. The stakeholder ecosystem supports thinking about how roles are reconfigured as the scholarly record evolves. The ways and means of scholarly inquiry are experiencing fundamental change, with consequences for scholarly communication and ultimately, the scholarly record. The boundaries of the scholarly record are both expanding and blurring, driven by changes in research practices, as well as changing perceptions of the long-term value of certain forms of scholarly materials. Understanding the nature, scope, and evolutionary trends of the scholarly record is an important concern in many quarters—for libraries, for publishers, for funders, and of course for scholars themselves. Many issues are intrinsic to the scholarly record, such as preservation, citation, replicability, provenance, and data curation. The conceptualization of the scholarly record and its stakeholder ecosystem provided in the report can serve as a common point of reference in discussions within and across domains, and help cultivate the shared understanding and collaborative relationships needed to identify, collect, and make accessible the wide range of materials the scholarly record is evolving to include

Not Scotch, but Rum: The Scope and Diffusion of the Scottish Presence in the Published Record

This report will be of interest to libraries responsible for collecting and preserving their country's contribution to the published record, as well as to scholars interested in exploring how countries manifest and transmit their cultural heritage through the published record.Key findings:A national presence in the published record is composed of materials published in or about a country or by its peopleA national presence in the published record is identifiable in library data using mainly automated processingThe Scottish presence in the published record includes nearly two million distinct publicationsThe Scottish presence in the published record is widely held in library collections around the worldScottish authors are especially influential in global diffusion of Scottish presence in published recordTreasure Island may be the most globally influential Scottish work in the published recordTartan Noir and works about/set in Scotland are key ways Scotland is manifested in contemporary worksThe national presence in the published record is a useful concept for libraries and scholar

MARKET STRUCTURE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: IMPLICATIONS FOR LONG-RUN COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE

A country specializing in a high technology industry may find that excess returns stemming from innovation are reallocated overseas as foreign-based multinationals access ongoing domestic R&D through alliances with or acquisition of established domestic start-ups. Computer simulation illustrates this process in the context of the current US specialization in biotechnology. Keywords: Biotechnology, market structure, comparative advantageBiotechnology, market structure, comparative advantage, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

THE SOURCE OF COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY: A REAL OPTIONS APPROACH

Sources of heterogeneity within the process of R&D investment, such as international differences in the maximum per-period rate of investment and level of regulatory uncertainty, offer a plausible explanation for US comparative advantage in biotechnology. Using dynamic stochastic simulation, the results presented in this paper suggest US biotechnology firms may initiate more R&D projects, innovate earlier and more rapidly, persevere longer in the face of mounting R&D costs, and successfully complete more R&D projects than European firms.Comparative advantage, biotechnology, real options, Industrial Organization, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies,

The Evolving Scholarly Record: Scope, Stakeholders, and Stewardship

Brian joined OCLC Research in 1996. Since that time, he has worked on projects in many areas, including digital preservation, cooperative print management, and data-mining of bibliographic resources. He was a co-founder of the working group that developed the PREMIS Data Dictionary for preservation metadata, and served as co-chair of a US National Science Foundation blue-ribbon task force on economically sustainable digital preservation. Brian's academic background is in economics; he has a Ph.D. in agricultural economics. Brian's current research interests include stewardship of the evolving scholarly record, analysis of collective collections, and the system-wide organization of library resources.The scholarly record is increasingly digital and networked, as well as expanding in both the volume and diversity of the material it contains. The long-term future of the scholarly record cannot be effectively secured with traditional stewardship models developed for print materials. In this talk, Brian will discuss highlights from the recent OCLC Research reports The Evolving Scholarly Record and Stewardship of the Evolving Scholarly Record: From the Invisible Hand to Conscious Coordination, with special emphasis on the ways the scholarly record is changing in a digital, networked environment; how "consciously coordinated" stewardship models can support the long-term availability of an increasingly diverse, complex, and distributed scholarly record; and the important issues academic libraries will face in pursuing their traditional mission of securing the scholarly record in its fullest expression for future generations

How information about library collections represents a treasure trove for research in the humanities and social sciences

WorldCat, an aggregate database of library catalogues worldwide, was primarily set up to aid libraries in carrying out their work in areas such as cataloguing or resource sharing. But the information it carries about much of the world's accumulated published output is also a a unique source of information for answering a wide range of questions about world literature and other forms of creative expression. Brian Lavoie offers an insight into the types of questions WorldCat data can provide answers to, and how research of this kind also amplifies the value and impact of library collections

Preservation Health Check: Monitoring Threats to Digital Repository Content

Preservation Health Check: Monitoring Threats to Digital Repository Content presents the preliminary findings of Phase 1 of our Preservation Health Check investigation of preservation monitoring and suggests that there is an opportunity to use PREMIS preservation metadata as an evidence base to support a threat assessment exercise based on the Simple Property-Oriented Threat (SPOT) model.Key highlights:There is a need for digital preservation repositories to perform periodic "health checks" as a routine part of preservation activitiesPreservation Health Check activities serve the day-to-day planning and operations of digital repositoriesA certain level of predictability and harmonization is necessary for threat assessment applications that rely on automated data evaluationAnalysis reveals a variety of gaps in current preservation metadata coverage, which might be filled by other metadata schemaFindings suggest an opportunity to use PREMIS preservation metadata as an evidence base to support a threat assessment exerciseThe results of preservation actions (PREMIS Events) represent a crucial part of the information needed for assessment—whether this information is under the direct control of the repository itself, or whether it is created and maintained by parties external to the repository.The flexibility of the PREMIS standard allows for a large diversity in implementations and leaves much room for encoding relevant metadata in other formats and schemas—all of which impedes the implementation of a threat assessment logic that generalizes over many repositories. This report will be of interest to digital repository managers, digital preservation practitioners, and PREMIS implementers